An amalgam is a substance formed by the reaction of mercury with another metal. Almost all metals can form amalgams with mercury, notable exceptions being iron and platinum. Silver-mercury amalgams are important in dentistry, and gold-mercury amalgam is used in the extraction of gold from ore.
The origin of the word amalgam is from the Medieval Latin amalgama, "alloy of mercury (esp. with gold or silver)," perhaps an alteration of L. malagma "poultice, plaster," probably from Arabic al-malgham "an emollient poultice or unguent for sores (especially warm)", perhaps from Greek malagma "softening substance," from malassein "to soften" from malakos "soft".
Dental Amalgam:
Dentistry has used alloys of mercury with metals such as silver, copper, indium, tin and zinc. Amalgam is an "excellent and versatile restorative material" and is used in dentistry for a number of reasons. It is inexpensive and relatively easy to use and manipulate during placement; it remains soft for a short time so it can be packed to fill any irregular volume, and then forms a hard compound. Amalgam possesses greater longevity when compared to other direct restorative materials, such as composite. However, this difference has decreased with continual development of composite resins.
Amalgam is typically compared to resin-based composites because many applications are similar and many physical properties and costs are comparable.
Amalgam Probe:
Mercury salts are, compared to mercury metal and amalgam, highly toxic due to their solubility in water. The presence of these salts in water can be detected with a probe that uses the readiness of mercury ions to form an amalgam with copper. A nitric acid solution of salts under investigation is applied to a piece of copper foil and any mercury ions present will leave spots of silvery-coloured amalgam. Silver ions leave similar spots but are easily washed away, making this a means of distinguishing silver from mercury.
The redox reaction involved where mercury oxidizes the copper is:
Hg2+ + Cu → Hg + Cu2+
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Dental amalgam is a silver-colored material used to restore teeth that have cavities. Amalgam can also release small amounts of mercury vapor during chewing. Great info on this term.
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